What is true about varicella zoster transmission?

The correct answer highlights a crucial aspect of varicella zoster transmission: the period of contagiousness. Varicella, commonly known as chickenpox, is highly contagious and can be spread from an infected person to others, not just through direct contact with the rash but also via respiratory droplets.

Individuals infected with varicella are contagious starting 1 to 2 days before the onset of the rash and remain so for about 4 to 7 days after the rash appears. This information is vital for understanding the spread of the virus and for implementing appropriate public health measures, such as isolation of infected individuals during this contagious period to prevent outbreaks.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately capture the full scope of varicella transmission. For instance, covering the lesions may reduce the risk of transmission via direct contact, but it does not eliminate the risk of respiratory transmission. This is a critical distinction, as respiratory droplets are a primary means of transmission for varicella. Additionally, while the incidence of varicella disease has decreased due to vaccination efforts, this fact doesn't directly relate to the transmission dynamics of the virus. Understanding these details helps in managing and preventing the spread of varicella in communities.